The Determinants of Customer Satisfaction towards Muslim-Friendly Healthcare Service Deliveries: A Conceptual Model

The global need for hospitals that adhere to Islamic principles and accommodate the specific needs of Muslim patients is increasing. Hence, in highly competitive landscape of the healthcare industry it’s imperative for hospitals to be profitable while delivering sufficient and excellent healthcare services to the community, management must exhibit prudence in addressing this evolving attitude. This study intends to identify the appropriate determinants of customer satisfaction pertaining to the service deliveries offered by healthcare providers that are desired by Muslim patients while adhering to Islamic medical ethics and Shariah requirements. A systematic literature review approach was utilized to examine the appropriate features of Muslim-friendly healthcare practices and their mechanisms. The thematic analysis of the reviewed papers revealed eight potential determinants of customer satisfaction which are Halal pharmaceuticals and medical equipment, Islamic facilities and amenities, proficient personnel, empathy and supportive staff, compliance and supportive hospital policy, welcoming Islamic settings, reasonable and suitable pricing, and Islamic work culture. The results are anticipated to stimulate policymakers in Malaysia and other nations with an interest in the matter, to implement the suggested practices through the enactment of favorable legislative measures. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by illuminating the antecedents of customer satisfaction model that can be used by Muslim-friendly healthcare providers to formulate strategies and policies to reduce the financial and business risk due to unsatisfied customers’ reactions. Subsequently, achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals of good health and well-being (Goal 3) and peace, justice and strong institutions (Goal 16)

Nisab of Zakat and Zakat Contribution: A Conceptual Model

Zakat distribution has a positive correlation with its collection. Thus, a higher collection of zakat will positively impact the distribution amount and reach a bigger pool of zakat recipients. However, some external constraints in its collection could likely have an adverse impact on its collection, especially the effect of the macroeconomic factors. It becomes crucial when the increase in the price of gold (one of the primary commodities used as a nisab benchmark for zakat in Islam) is claimed to negatively influence the collection and allocation of zakat to the respective recipients. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether the high and low value of nisab due to the fluctuating price of gold in the world market could negatively influence the zakat collection and indirectly affect all the recipients, especially the poor and needy. In achieving this aim, this study will utilize a structured self-administered questionnaire to study the awareness of Muslims on the nisab of zakat and its influence on their zakat payments. It is still relatively rare to find any research on the awareness of the nisab of zakat and its relation to the zakat contribution. One past econometric study concluded that a higher nisab leads to a lower zakat collection. The findings of this proposed study could complement that previous study and hence be justifiable due to its significant impact on the recipients of zakat (asnaf) as the main stakeholders

Niṣāb of Zakāt : An Analysis of Gold-Based Benchmark and the Macroeconomic Factors on Zakāt Collection

Zakāt collection determines the zakāt distribution. Thus, a higher zakāt collection leads to a huge benefit to the zakāt recipients. However, there is a constraint in terms of its collection due to the external factors that undeniably could affect the collection especially from the effect of the macroeconomic factors. It becomes critical when the price of gold (one of the macroeconomic commodities and used as a niṣāb benchmark for zakāt in Malaysia) claimed to have a negative influence on the collection of zakāt as well as distribution of the zakāt to the poor

Niṣāb of Zakāt : An Analysis of Gold-Based Benchmark and the Macroeconomic Factors on Zakāt Collection

Zakāt collection determines the zakāt distribution. Thus, a higher zakāt collection leads to a huge benefit to the zakāt recipients. However, there is a constraint in terms of its collection due to the external factors that undeniably could affect the collection especially from the effect of the macroeconomic factors. It becomes critical when the price of gold (one of the macroeconomic commodities and used as a niṣāb benchmark for zakāt in Malaysia) claimed to have a negative influence on the collection of zakāt as well as distribution of the zakāt to the poor

The Distribution of Zakat: A Comparison between the Rate of Niṣāb and the Rate of Poverty Line Income in Malaysia

Zakat plays a significant role in Muslim community as an agent in alleviating the poverty. The calculation of zakat payment depends of the calculation of nisab, which is the least amount of zakatable items of a Muslim wealth in one circle year. The zakat is an obligatory duty to a Muslim once the amount of wealth reaches the least level of nisab. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the niṣāb amount changes and the poor indication in Malaysia. This is based on the discussion of the contemporary scholars, who claimed that the price fluctuation in the world market impacts the amount of niṣāb of zakāt. Relatively, it could affect the poor once the price dropped. Therefore, the comparative analyses of the annually niṣāb and poverty line income data from 1993 to 2015 identifies that there is a significant correlation between the facts. Accordingly, it is an alert to the zakāt institution to take a precautionary step in preventing this situation

The Distribution of Zakat: A Comparison between the Rate of Niṣāb and the Rate of Poverty Line Income in Malaysia

Zakat plays a significant role in Muslim community as an agent in alleviating the poverty. The calculation of zakat payment depends of the calculation of nisab, which is the least amount of zakatable items of a Muslim wealth in one circle year. The zakat is an obligatory duty to a Muslim once the amount of wealth reaches the least level of nisab. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the niṣāb amount changes and the poor indication in Malaysia. This is based on the discussion of the contemporary scholars, who claimed that the price fluctuation in the world market impacts the amount of niṣāb of zakāt. Relatively, it could affect the poor once the price dropped. Therefore, the comparative analyses of the annually niṣāb and poverty line income data from 1993 to 2015 identifies that there is a significant correlation between the facts. Accordingly, it is an alert to the zakāt institution to take a precautionary step in preventing this situation